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James Joule was born in 1818, the son of Benjamin Joule (1784–1858), a wealthy brewer, and his wife, Alice Prescott, on New Bailey Street in Salford. [3] Joule was tutored as a young man by the famous scientist John Dalton and was strongly influenced by chemist William Henry and Manchester engineers Peter Ewart and Eaton Hodgkinson.
Hess's law (Germain Hess), Julius Robert von Mayer, and James Joule were some of the first. 1846: Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams, studying Uranus's orbit, independently proved that another, farther planet must exist. Neptune was found at the predicted moment and position. [38] [a]
James Clerk Maxwell: 1831–1879 British (Scottish) Magnetic flux: maxwell (Mx) Samuel Pierpont Langley: 1834–1906 American Energy intensity: langley (Ly) Ernst Mach: 1838–1916 Austrian Speed: Mach number (M) John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh: 1842–1919 British Acoustic impedance: rayl: Wilhelm Röntgen: 1845–1923 German Ionizing ...
The pair planned that Joule would admit von Mayer's priority for the idea of the mechanical equivalent but to claim that experimental verification rested with Joule. Thomson's associates, co-workers and relatives such as William John Macquorn Rankine, James Thomson, James Clerk Maxwell, and Peter Guthrie Tait joined to champion Joule's cause.
Besides the law named in his honor, Lenz also independently discovered Joule's law in 1842; to honor his efforts on the problem, it is also given the name the "Joule–Lenz law," named also for James Prescott Joule. Lenz eagerly participated in development of the electroplating technology, invented by his friend and colleague Moritz von Jacobi.
1843 – John James Waterston fully expounds the kinetic theory of gases, [12] but according to D Levermore "there is no evidence that any physical scientist read the book; perhaps it was overlooked because of its misleading title, Thoughts on the Mental Functions." [13] 1843 – James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of ...
He also independently discovered Joule's law in 1842; to honor his efforts, Russian physicists refer to it as the "Joule–Lenz law". 1833 – Michael Faraday announces his law of electrochemical equivalents; 1834 – Heinrich Lenz determines the direction of the induced electromotive force (emf) and current resulting from electromagnetic ...
1843: James Prescott Joule: Law of Conservation of energy (First law of thermodynamics), also 1847 – Helmholtz, Conservation of energy. 1846: Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest: discovery of Neptune. 1847: George Boole: publishes The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, defining Boolean algebra; refined in his 1854 The Laws of Thought.