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A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% prediction interval). [2] It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests.
1.7-4.1 × 10 −8: Calcitonin (CT) Hormone <1.0 × 10 −10: Calcium: Bones, Ca 2+ ionized 4.48-4.92 × 10 −5: 4.25-5.25 × 10 −5: total 8.4-11.5 × 10 −5: Carbon dioxide: Respiratory gas arterial 8.8-10.8 × 10 −4: 3.0-7.9 × 10 −5: venous 9.8-11.8 × 10 −4: 3.3-8.3 × 10 −5: Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) nonsmokers 0.5-1.5% total ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
The comprehensive metabolic panel, or chemical screen (CMP; CPT code 80053), is a panel of 14 blood tests that serves as an initial broad medical screening tool. The CMP provides a rough check of kidney function, liver function, diabetic and parathyroid status, and electrolyte and fluid balance, but this type of screening has its limitations.
The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain 7 to 18 mg/dL (0.388 to 1 mmol/L) of urea nitrogen. [1] Individual laboratories may have different reference ranges, as they may use different assays. [2] [3] [4] The test is used to detect kidney problems.
[39] [40] A meta-analysis found no difference between diet types (low-fat, low-carbohydrate, and low-calorie), with a 2–4 kilograms (4.4–8.8 lb) weight loss. [41] This level of weight loss is by itself insufficient to move a person from an 'obese' body mass index (BMI) category to a 'normal' BMI.
The reference range for total protein is typically 60-80g/L. (It is also sometimes reported as "6.0-8.0g/dl"), [2] but this may vary depending on the method of analysis. Concentrations below the reference range usually reflect low albumin concentration, for instance in liver disease or acute infection.
The normal range is 30 to 65 μg/dL, but plasma concentrations within the range are not a good indicator of a pending deficiency because the normal range is sustained until liver storage is depleted. After that happens, plasma retinol concentration falls to lower than 20 μg/dL, signifying a state of vitamin A inadequacy.