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Internationally, Thatcher wrote to congratulate de Klerk for making the move. The President of the United States George H. W. Bush responded positively to the news but needed to hear more before he would lift American sanctions on South Africa. [7] De Klerk would later announce Mandela's release on 11 February 1990. [14]
F. W. de Klerk was born on 18 March 1936 in Mayfair, a suburb of Johannesburg. [1] His parents were Johannes "Jan" de Klerk and Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer—"her forefather was a Kutzer who stems from Austria." [2] He was his parents' second son, having a brother, Willem de Klerk, who was eight years his senior. [1]
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The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of bilateral and multi-party negotiations between 1990 and 1993. The negotiations culminated in the passage of a new interim Constitution in 1993, a precursor to the Constitution of 1996; and in South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994, won by the African National Congress (ANC) liberation movement.
A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, [1] [2] who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948.
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In his speech at the Opening of Parliament on 1 February 1991, State President F. W. de Klerk announced that the Land Acts and the Group Areas Act would be repealed. A white paper on the topic was tabled on 12 March. The bill was passed by Parliament on 5 June, signed by President de Klerk on 27 June, and came into force on 30 June. [1]