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The Hartle–Hawking state, also known as the no-boundary wave function is a proposal in theoretical physics concerning the state of the universe prior to the Planck epoch. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is named after James Hartle and Stephen Hawking .
Stephen Hawking has argued that the principles of quantum mechanics forbid a single cosmic history, [1] and has proposed cosmological theories in which the lack of a past boundary condition naturally leads to multiple histories, called the 'no-boundary proposal', the proposed Hartle–Hawking state. [2]
Hartle and Hawking offered the no-boundary proposal for the initial creation of the Universe in which inflation comes about naturally. [105] [106] [107] Guth described the inflationary universe as the "ultimate free lunch": [108] [109] new universes, similar to our own, are continually produced in a vast inflating background.
Any boundary to spacetime is a form of singularity, where the smooth nature of spacetime breaks down. [1]: 769–772 With all such singularities removed from the Universe, it thus can have no boundary and Stephen Hawking speculated that "the boundary condition to the Universe is that it has no boundary". [2]: 85
The concept of universal wavefunction was introduced by Hugh Everett in his 1956 PhD thesis draft The Theory of the Universal Wave Function. [8] It later received investigation from James Hartle and Stephen Hawking [9] who derived the Hartle–Hawking solution to the Wheeler–deWitt equation to explain the initial conditions of the Big Bang ...
Model May Prove Hawking's Theory on Black Holes. Jeff Steinhauer, a physicist at Technion University in Israel, has created an acoustic black hole and observed particles slipping out of its grasp ...
Born on January 8, 1942, Hawking led a life focused on his education, attending University College in Oxford to study physics, and Cambridge University. It's no wonder so many Stephen Hawking ...
On the Origin of Time is a 2023 book by physicist Thomas Hertog about the theories of Stephen Hawking. [1] Hertog is a Belgian cosmologist working at KU Leuven university, who worked extensively with Hawking. [2] He wrote the book at Hawking's request to popularize the top-down cosmological theory that they had developed together. [3]