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The criteria for an RIS diagnosis are as follows: [5] [4] [6] The presence of incidental MRI findings in the CNS white matter: Ovoid and well-circumscribed homogeneous foci, with or without involvement of the corpus callosum; T2 hyperintensities larger than 3 mm in diameter, which fulfill at least 3 of the 4 Barkhof MRI criteria [7] for DIS
Dejerine in 1892 described specific symptoms resulting from a lesion to the corpus callosum that caused alexia without agraphia. The patient had a lesion in the left occipital lobe, blocking sight in the right visual field , and in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Dejerine interpreted this case as a disconnection of the speech area in the ...
Most lesions were small (3 to 7 mm), though some were larger than 7 mm. All 27 patients had corpus callosum lesions. These all had a punched-out appearance on follow-up MRI. Though most commonly involving white matter, many patients also had lesions in deep grey matter structures, as well as leptomeningeal enhancement.
The corpus callosum is a structure in the brain along the longitudinal fissure that facilitates much of the communication between the two hemispheres. This structure is composed of white matter: millions of axons that have their dendrites and terminal boutons projecting in both the right and left
Lesions typically are found in the white matter of brains injured by DAI; these lesions vary in size from about 1–15 mm and are distributed in a characteristic pattern. [9] DAI most commonly affects white matter in areas including the brain stem, the corpus callosum, and the cerebral hemispheres.
The corpus callosum is variably affected. Reactive astrocytes and macrophages are present, but no inflammation appears. The cerebral cortex and basal ganglia are normal and contain no or only few spheroids. Within the cerebellum, there is a marked loss of Purkinje cells seen but cerebral white matter is normal.
The patient usually has a history of alcohol use disorder or malnutrition and neurological symptoms are sometimes present and can help lead to a diagnosis. MBD can be told apart from other neural diseases due to the symmetry of the lesions in the corpus callosum as well as the fact that these lesions don't affect the upper and lower edges. [4]
This happens as a result of partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosum is the band of white matter connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum plays an extremely important role in interhemispheric communication, thus lack of or absence of these neural fibers results in a number of disabilities. [12]