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  2. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

    A stack may be implemented as, for example, a singly linked list with a pointer to the top element. A stack may be implemented to have a bounded capacity. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept another element, the stack is in a state of stack overflow. A stack is needed to implement depth-first search.

  3. Shunting yard algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunting_yard_algorithm

    */ /* This implementation does not implement composite functions, functions with a variable number of arguments, or unary operators. */ while there are tokens to be read: read a token if the token is: - a number: put it into the output queue - a function: push it onto the operator stack - an operator o 1: while ( there is an operator o 2 at the ...

  4. Stack-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-oriented_programming

    Take plate 2 and put it on the stack, then take plate 3 and put it on the stack. Next, take the mul plate. This is an instruction to perform. Then, take the top two plates off the stack, multiply their labels (2 and 3), and write the result (6) on a new plate.

  5. Timsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort

    It was fixed in 2015 in Python, Java and Android. Specifically, the invariants on stacked run sizes ensure a tight upper bound on the maximum size of the required stack. The implementation preallocated a stack sufficient to sort 2 64 bytes of input, and avoided further overflow checks.

  6. Recursion (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)

    C, Java, and Python are notable mainstream languages in which all function calls, including tail calls, may cause stack allocation that would not occur with the use of looping constructs; in these languages, a working iterative program rewritten in recursive form may overflow the call stack, although tail call elimination may be a feature that ...

  7. Visitor pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor_pattern

    This example declares a separate ExpressionPrintingVisitor class that takes care of the printing. If the introduction of a new concrete visitor is desired, a new class will be created to implement the Visitor interface, and new implementations for the Visit methods will be provided. The existing classes (Literal and Addition) will remain unchanged.

  8. Call stack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_stack

    In a language with free pointers or non-checked array writes (such as in C), the mixing of control flow data which affects the execution of code (the return addresses or the saved frame pointers) and simple program data (parameters or return values) in a call stack is a security risk, and is possibly exploitable through stack buffer overflows ...

  9. Tail call - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_call

    For example, in the Java virtual machine (JVM), tail-recursive calls can be eliminated (as this reuses the existing call stack), but general tail calls cannot be (as this changes the call stack). [ 13 ] [ 14 ] As a result, functional languages such as Scala that target the JVM can efficiently implement direct tail recursion, but not mutual tail ...