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Euler–Bernoulli beam theory can also be extended to the analysis of curved beams, beam buckling, composite beams, and geometrically nonlinear beam deflection. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory does not account for the effects of transverse shear strain. As a result, it underpredicts deflections and overpredicts natural frequencies.
The deflection of beam elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell theory. An example of the use of deflection in this context is in building construction. Architects and engineers select materials for various applications.
Castigliano's method for calculating displacements is an application of his second theorem, which states: If the strain energy of a linearly elastic structure can be expressed as a function of generalised force Q i then the partial derivative of the strain energy with respect to generalised force gives the generalised displacement q i in the direction of Q i.
The elastica theory is a theory of mechanics of solid materials developed by Leonhard Euler that allows for very large scale elastic deflections of structures. Euler (1744) and Jakob Bernoulli developed the theory for elastic lines (yielding the solution known as the elastica curve ) and studied buckling.
Because the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation is linear, the examples below can be superposed (added and subtracted) to model more complex situations (for example, the shears, moments and deflections for a simply supported beam with a universally distributed load can be added to those of a simply supported beam with a central point load to give the ...
Simple beam bending is often analyzed with the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation. The conditions for using simple bending theory are: [4] The beam is subject to pure bending. This means that the shear force is zero, and that no torsional or axial loads are present. The material is isotropic (or orthotropic) and homogeneous.
Once the global stiffness matrix, displacement vector, and force vector have been constructed, the system can be expressed as a single matrix equation. For each degree of freedom in the structure, either the displacement or the force is known.
Deformation of a thin plate highlighting the displacement, the mid-surface (red) and the normal to the mid-surface (blue) The Kirchhoff–Love theory is an extension of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory to thin plates. The theory was developed in 1888 by Love [2] using assumptions proposed by Kirchhoff. It is assumed that a mid-surface plane can be ...