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A regular polyhedron is identified by its Schläfli symbol of the form {n, m}, where n is the number of sides of each face and m the number of faces meeting at each vertex. There are 5 finite convex regular polyhedra (the Platonic solids), and four regular star polyhedra (the Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra), making nine regular polyhedra in all. In ...
In geometry, a uniform polyhedron is a polyhedron which has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive (transitive on its vertices, isogonal, i.e. there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent, and the polyhedron has a high degree of reflectional and rotational symmetry.
An elementary polyhedron is a convex regular-faced polyhedron that cannot be produced into two or more polyhedrons by slicing it with a plane. [24] Quite opposite to a composite polyhedron, it can be alternatively defined as a polyhedron that can be constructed by attaching more elementary polyhedrons.
In geometry, a Platonic solid is a convex, regular polyhedron in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Being a regular polyhedron means that the faces are congruent (identical in shape and size) regular polygons (all angles congruent and all edges congruent), and the same number of faces meet at each vertex. There are only five such polyhedra:
There are many relations among the uniform polyhedra. [1] [2] [3] Some are obtained by truncating the vertices of the regular or quasi-regular polyhedron.Others share the same vertices and edges as other polyhedron.
A vertex configuration can also be represented as a polygonal vertex figure showing the faces around the vertex. This vertex figure has a 3-dimensional structure since the faces are not in the same plane for polyhedra, but for vertex-uniform polyhedra all the neighboring vertices are in the same plane and so this plane projection can be used to visually represent the vertex configuration.
A uniform polyhedron is a polyhedron in which the faces are regular and they are isogonal; examples include Platonic and Archimedean solids as well as prisms and antiprisms. [3] The Johnson solids are named after American mathematician Norman Johnson (1930–2017), who published a list of 92 such polyhedra in 1966.
The smallest polyhedron is the tetrahedron with 4 triangular faces, 6 edges, and 4 vertices. Named polyhedra primarily come from the families of platonic solids, Archimedean solids, Catalan solids, and Johnson solids, as well as dihedral symmetry families including the pyramids, bipyramids, prisms, antiprisms, and trapezohedrons.