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Efforts to understand how proteins are encoded began after DNA's structure was discovered in 1953. The key discoverers, English biophysicist Francis Crick and American biologist James Watson, working together at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, hypothesied that information flows from DNA and that there is a link between DNA and proteins. [2]
Bernhard, K (Jan 1971). "Jonhannes Friedrich Miescher Symposium. 100th anniversary of the discovery of nucleic acids. Welcome". Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 25 (1– 2): 32– 4. ISSN 0036-7494. PMID 4908661. Harbers, E (Oct 1969). "On the discovery of DNA by Friedrich Miescher 100 years ago".
Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick with the help of previously documented experimental evidence by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. [9] Knowledge of the structure of DNA led scientists to examine the nature of genetic coding and, in turn, understand the process of protein ...
Proof that the genetic code is a degenerate triplet code finally came from genetics experiments, some of which were performed by Crick. [67] The details of the code came mostly from work by Marshall Nirenberg and others who synthesized synthetic RNA molecules and used them as templates for in vitro protein synthesis. [68]
The genetic code consists of three-letter 'words' called codons formed from a sequence of ... also called DNAzymes or catalytic DNA, were first discovered in 1994. ...
The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", [1] although this is not its original meaning. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1957, [2] [3] then published in 1958: [4] [5]
The Crick, Brenner et al. experiment (1961) was a scientific experiment performed by Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, Leslie Barnett and R.J. Watts-Tobin. It was a key experiment in the development of what is now known as molecular biology and led to a publication entitled "The General Nature of the Genetic Code for Proteins" and according to the historian of Science Horace Judson is "regarded ...
In 1960, Jacob and collaborators discovered the operon which consists of a sequence of genes whose expression is coordinated by operator DNA. [30] In the period 1961 – 1967, through work in several different labs, the nature of the genetic code was determined (e.g. [31]).