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As a non-Biblical source, Jewish historian Josephus also recounts that Herod had John imprisoned and killed due to "the great influence John had over the people", which might persuade John "to raise a rebellion". Josephus also writes that many of the Jews believed that Herod's later military disaster was God's punishment for his treatment of ...
Joseph ben Caiaphas [a] (/ ˈ k aɪ. ə. f ə s /; [b] c. 14 BC – c. 46 AD) was the High Priest of Israel during the years of Jesus' ministry, according to Josephus. [1] In the New Testament, the Gospels of Matthew, Luke and John indicate he was an organizer of the plot to kill Jesus. He famously presided over the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus. [2]
Josephus's works are the chief source next to the Bible for the history and antiquity of ancient Israel, and provide an independent extra-biblical account of such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, John the Baptist, James, brother of Jesus, and Jesus of Nazareth.
According to Josephus, Ptolemy attempted to enter Jerusalem to take command but was thrown out by the hostile populace who had already acclaimed John as the new High Priest. He retreated to a fortress of his called Dagon by Josephus, which may have been the same as the Dok referred to in 1 Maccabees. There he was besieged by John and his armies.
It is possible that the title was restored to him for a second time after 14 years. This could explain why Josephus refers to him only by his first name rather than his full name. Some historians believe that Jonathan's true killers may have been Jewish Sicarii, rebels against Roman rule infamous for assassinating enemies with sicae.
The only source for the history of the Sicarii is Josephus. Victims of the Sicarii are said by Josephus to have included the High Priest Jonathan, and 700 Jewish women and children at Ein Gedi. [2] [3] A relationship between the Zealots and the Sicarii is often stated, but is unclear from the original sources. [4]
Josephus' role as leader of the defenders of Yodfat, his subsequent collaboration with the Romans and his servitude to the Flavians have all made his account of the siege of Yodfat suspect. As the sole account of the battle, as well as of many events of the Great Revolt, the credibility of Josephus has been a central subject of historical inquiry.
Jonathan gave all the baggage into the hands of his brother John who took a small force and headed towards the friendly Nabataeans. The plan was to secure their baggage there but the "sons of Jambri of Medeba", a hostile tribe apparently, ambushed them during their journey. John and his companions were killed and their cargo was looted. [4]