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Red supergiants develop deep convection zones reaching from the surface over halfway to the core and these cause strong enrichment of nitrogen at the surface, with some enrichment of heavier elements. [26] Some red supergiants undergo blue loops where they temporarily increase in temperature before returning to the red supergiant state. This ...
V762 Cassiopeiae is a red supergiant and a variable star located about 2,500 light-years away in the Cassiopeia constellation. Its apparent magnitude vary between 5.82 and 5.95, which makes it faintly visible to the naked eye under dark skies. It is a relatively cool star with an average surface temperature of 3,869 K.
Red giants vary in the way by which they generate energy: most common red giants are stars on the red-giant branch (RGB) that are still fusing hydrogen into helium in a shell surrounding an inert helium core; red-clump stars in the cool half of the horizontal branch, fusing helium into carbon in their cores via the triple-alpha process
The most massive red supergiants will evolve back to blue supergiants, Luminous blue variables, or Wolf-Rayet stars before their cores collapse, and Mu Cephei appears to be massive enough for this to happen. A post-red supergiant will produce a type IIn or type II-b supernova, while a Wolf Rayet star will produce a type Ib or Ic supernova. [32]
Pictures show how the stars look during a period known as the cosmic noon - the middle ages of the universe when the most stars were born. ... called red supergiants, are very difficult to observe ...
Rare blue supergiant stars are some of the hottest, brightest stars in the universe. But other distant supernovas have shown that before they exploded, stars ejected dense clouds decades beforehand.
Post-red supergiant stars have a generally higher level of nitrogen relative to carbon due to convection of CNO-processed material to the surface and the complete loss of the outer layers. Surface enhancement of helium is also stronger in post-red supergiants, representing more than a third of the atmosphere. [28] [29]
VY Canis Majoris is a candidate for a star in a second red supergiant phase, but this is mostly speculative and unconfirmed. [66] From this star CO emission is coincident with the bright KI shell in its asymmetric nebula. The star will produce either: a moderately luminous and long-lasting type IIn supernova (SN IIn) a hypernova; or a