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Most patients are seronegative for NMO-IgG and GFAP, biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica. [3] ANA, indicative of autoimmune optic neuropathy , is also generally negative. [ 3 ] CSF can also be evaluated for oligoclonal bands typical of multiple sclerosis, which will not be present in CRION. [ 1 ]
Anti-AQP4 diseases, are a group of diseases characterized by auto-antibodies against aquaporin 4.. After the discovery of anti-AQP4 autoantibody in neuromyelitis optica, it was found that it was also present in some patients with other clinically defined diseases, including multiple sclerosis variants like optic-spinal MS.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 ( anti-AQP4 ), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.
After the discovery of anti-AQP4 auto-antibodies there are two kinds of Optic-Spinal MS (OSMS): Anti-AQP4 positive OSMS or Neuromyelitis optica; Anti-AQP4 negative OSMS, currently idiopathic, considered inside the Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system spectrum.
This last requirement makes MS an ill-defined entity, whose borders change every time that a new disease is set apart. Some cases previously considered MS are now considered distinct conditions, like Neuromyelitis optica or antiMOG associated encephalomyelitis. Because of the requirement of distributed lesions, a single lesion (RIS) is not ...
Anti-MOG antibodies have been described in some patients with NMOSD [15] [16] who were negative for the aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) antibody. However, most NMOSD is an astrocytopathy, specifically an AQP4 antibody-associated disease, whereas MOG antibody-associated disease is an oligodendrocytopathy, suggesting that these are two separate pathologic entities. [2]
This disease is considered one of the borderline forms of multiple sclerosis because some authors consider them different diseases and others MS variants. Other diseases in this group are neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Balo concentric sclerosis and Marburg multiple sclerosis. [4]
Rational Numbers Excel Add-In Proprietary: De novo identification tool for small molecules that works with Microsoft Excel (2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019). This software treats small molecules as mathematical partitions of the molecular mass and generates subfragment formulas with atoms that are sets of partitions comprising the molecular formula.