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Some common endocrine disorders are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Paget's disease, [1] Osteoporosis, and diabetes. [3] The thyroid gland produces thyroxin (T3, and T4) which is necessary for normal development of the nervous system. Its functions include: promoting growth, increasing basal metabolic rate and controlling body temperature. [3]
Thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck bellow Adam’s apple. It is a vital endocrine gland is responsible for regulating many body functions including ...
Moreover, foot surgery is well tolerated without anaesthesia. [2] The feet's insensivity to pain can easily be established by 512 mN quantitative pinprick stimulation. [3] In diabetes, peripheral nerve dysfunction can be combined with peripheral artery disease (PAD) causing poor blood circulation to the extremities (diabetic angiopathy). [4]
In the United States hyperthyroidism affects about 1.2% of the population. [3] Worldwide, hyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults. [8] It occurs between two and ten times more often in women. [1] Onset is commonly between 20 and 50 years of age. [2] Overall the disease is more common in those over the age of 60 years. [1]
Diabetes is the foremost cause in America today for neuropathic joint disease, [5] and the foot is the most affected region. In those with foot deformity, approximately 60% are in the tarsometatarsal joints (medial joints affected more than lateral), 30% metatarsophalangeal joints, and 10% have ankle disease. Over half of diabetic patients with ...
The signs and symptoms of Graves' disease generally result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, although they can also be caused by other thyroidal conditions, such as Graves' ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema. These clinical manifestations can involve virtually every system in the body.
While certain kinds of diabetes, like type 1 diabetes, can come on quickly, the most common type—type 2 diabetes—can be a slower process. People with excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle ...
Pretibial myxedema is almost always preceded by the ocular signs found in Graves' disease. [3] It usually presents itself as a waxy, discolored induration of the skin—classically described as having a so-called peau d'orange (orange peel) appearance—on the anterior aspect of the lower legs, spreading to the dorsum of the feet, or as a non-localised, non-pitting edema of the skin in the ...