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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Kraurosis vulvae or vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a cutaneous condition characterized by atrophy and shrinkage of the skin of the vagina and vulva often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.
Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), which is associated with chronic skin conditions including lichen sclerosus and lichen planus and typically affects older women. This lesion progresses to keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma in approximately 33%. [22]
In the Usual type VIN, seen more frequently in young patients, lesions tend to be multifocal over an otherwise normal vulvar skin. In the differentiated type VIN, usually seen in postmenopausal women, lesions tend to be isolated and are located over a skin with a vulvar dermatosis such as Lichen slerosus. [4]
The speculum — the medical device used during pelvic exams — hasn't changed much in 170 years. (Getty Images; illustration: Nathalie Cruz) (Image is Getty; Illustration by Nathalie Cruz)
Vulvar cancer accounts for about 5% of all gynecological cancers and typically affects women in later life. Five-year survival rates in the United States are around 70%. [1] ...
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