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Diphenhydramine, sold under the brand name Benadryl among others, is an antihistamine and sedative. It is a first-generation H 1-antihistamine and it works by blocking certain effects of histamine, which produces its antihistamine and sedative effects. [11] [2] Diphenhydramine is also a potent anticholinergic. [12]
Effects of anticholinergic drugs include: Delirium (often with hallucinations and delusions indistinguishable from reality); Ocular symptoms (from eye drops): mydriasis, pupil dilation, and acute angle-closure glaucoma in those with shallow anterior chamber [11] [12] [13]
In 1900, Reid Hunt, a pharmacologist (1870-1948), realised a fall in blood pressure in rabbits after removing adrenaline (epinephrine) from adrenal glands extract. While he initially attributed this effect to choline, he later discovered acetylcholine was 100 000 times more potent in lowering blood pressure.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Alprazolam (Xanax) ... Medications like diuretics and antidepressants can increase the blood pressure-lowering effects of minoxidil. However ...
It [clarification needed] has an opposite effect on blood pressure. Tachycardia and stimulation of the vasomotor center causes an increase in blood pressure. But, due to feedback regulation of the vasomotor center, there is a fall in blood pressure due to vasodilation.
An FAA report found that between 2012 and 2016, diphenhydramine was the most common pharmaceutical known to cause impairment detected in post-mortem toxicology tests performed on someone who may have been in charge of the aircraft at the time of a fatal plane crash, specifically naming both Benadryl and Sominex.
The first-generation sedating antihistamines diphenhydramine, doxepin, doxylamine, and pyrilamine are the most widely used medications in the world for preventing and treating insomnia. [6] As of 2004, doxylamine and diphenhydramine, which are both over-the-counter medications, were the agents most commonly used to treat short-term insomnia. [11]
The class of CCBs known as dihydropyridines mainly affect arterial vascular smooth muscle and lower blood pressure by causing vasodilation. The phenylalkylamine class of CCBs mainly affect the cells of the heart and have negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects. The benzothiazepine class of CCBs combine effects of the other two classes.