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[39] [40] Maharishi Ayurveda Products International (MAPI) of Colorado Springs sells more than 400 products and in 2000, was said to be the largest ayurvedic company in North America, [40] with reported sales of $20 million in 1999. [41] Some ayurvedic herbal formulas are called rasayanas that use whole plants in various combinations. [42]
This is a partial list of herbs and herbal treatments with known or suspected adverse effects, either alone or in interaction with other herbs or drugs. Non-inclusion of an herb in this list does not imply that it is free of adverse effects.
In addition, other side effects include dysphagia, which is when digestive juices in the duodenum flow upward to the esophagus, thus esophageal lining is irritated. Diarrhea is common, especially in patients who had vagotomy in addition to an antrectomy because the damage of nerves to the liver and gallbladder causes excess bile salt release.
Primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid "malabsorption") may be caused by an overproduction of bile acids. [5] [9] Several groups of workers have failed to show any defect in ileal bile acid absorption in these patients, and they have an enlarged bile acid pool, rather than the reduced pool expected with malabsorption. [10]
Biliary reflux can be confused with acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While bile reflux involves fluid from the small intestine flowing into the stomach and esophagus, acid reflux is the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. These conditions are often related, and differentiating between the two can be ...
Bile duct obstruction, which is usually present in acute cholangitis, is generally due to gallstones. 10–30% of cases, however, are due to other causes such as benign stricturing (narrowing of the bile duct without an underlying tumor), postoperative damage or an altered structure of the bile ducts such as narrowing at the site of an anastomosis (surgical connection), various tumors (cancer ...
Stretta is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that delivers radiofrequency energy in the form of electromagnetic waves through electrodes at the end of a catheter to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the gastric cardia – the region of the stomach just below the LES.
"A video case report of stomach intestinal pylorus sparing surgery with laparoscopic fundoplication: A surgical procedure to treat gastrointestinal reflux disease in the setting of morbid obesity". Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases .