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Free-energy perturbation (FEP) is a method based on statistical mechanics that is used in computational chemistry for computing free-energy differences from molecular dynamics or Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. The FEP method was introduced by Robert W. Zwanzig in 1954. [1]
The calculation of a given tenant's share of an expense can be complex. A general system is to divide it up by the tenant's rented area compared to the total available rentable area in the building. This is often used for items that are truly shared, like the gas used to heat the building, or the electricity used to run the lighting and air ...
Front-end loading (FEL), also referred to as Front-End Engineering Design (FEED), Front End Planning (FEP), pre-project planning (PPP), and early project planning, is the process for conceptual development of projects in processing industries such as upstream oil and gas, petrochemical, natural gas refining, extractive metallurgy, waste-to-energy, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals.
Non-overhead costs are incremental such as the cost of raw materials used in the goods a business sells. Operating Cost is calculated by Cost of goods sold + Operating Expenses. [citation needed] Operating Expenses consist of : Administrative and office expenses like rent, salaries, to staff, insurance, directors fees etc.
In the United States, the authoritative literature on Construction accounting is AICPA Statement of Position SOP 81-1. Construction auditing is an important part of construction accounting and deals with expenses - the IRS offers a guide. IRS Construction Audit Guide . The National Association of Construction Auditors recommends this guide.
Construction cost estimating software is computer software designed for contractors to estimate construction costs for a specific project. A cost estimator will typically use estimating software to estimate their bid price for a project, which will ultimately become part of a resulting construction contract. Some architects, engineers ...
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
A cost-plus contract, also termed a cost plus contract, is a contract such that a contractor is paid for all of its allowed expenses, plus additional payment to allow for risk and incentive sharing. [1] Cost-reimbursement contracts contrast with fixed-price contract, in which the contractor is paid a negotiated amount regardless of incurred ...