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The actual content that a cataloger places in each MARC field is usually governed and defined by standards outside of MARC, except for a handful of fixed fields defined by the MARC standards themselves. Resource Description and Access, for example, defines how the physical characteristics of books and other items should be expressed.
The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) is an XML-based bibliographic description schema developed by the United States Library of Congress' Network Development and Standards Office. MODS was designed as a compromise between the complexity of the MARC format used by libraries and the extreme simplicity of Dublin Core metadata.
MARC - MAchine Readable Cataloging – standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. METS [31] Librarianship: Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard is an XML schema for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital ...
Where a traditional library may record descriptive metadata regarding a book in its collection, the book will not dissolve into a series of unconnected pages if the library fails to record structural metadata regarding the book's organization, nor will scholars be unable to evaluate the book's worth if the library fails to note, for example ...
Description: creating and adapting records for library materials and licensed content, allowing users to search and discover these resources in the library catalog.These records, often based on MARC standards and available for online public access, include descriptive elements—such as author, title, and subject—to assist users in identifying relevant resources to meet their needs.
In the late 1960s the MARC format was developed under the direction of Henriette Avram at the Library of Congress to encode the information printed on library cards. [2] It standardized in the early 1970s as ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.2-1971 and ISO 2709-1973.
The MARC Standards, which BIBFRAME seeks to replace, were developed by Henriette Avram [2] at the U.S. Library of Congress during the 1960s. By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of bibliographic data in the United States, and the international standard by 1973.
The MARC-8 charset is a MARC standard used in MARC-21 library records. [1] The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form, and they are frequently used in library database systems .