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Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan [1] (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) [2] [3] [4] refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia , which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey ( Northern Kurdistan ), northern ...
Following the failed Kurdish independence referendum in 2017, as well as the subsequent defeat of the Peshmerga at the hands of the Iraqi armed forces in the 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, Iraq has taken steps to weaken Kurdistan Region and expand its own authorities in order to shift the political dynamics of the country back towards a ...
Relations between Iraq and its Kurdish population have been sour in recent history, especially with Saddam Hussein's genocidal campaign against them in the 1980s. After uprisings during the early 90s , many Kurds fled their homeland and no-fly zones were established in northern Iraq to prevent more conflicts.
Saladin, of Kurdish origin, who founded the Ayyubid dynasty, was born in Tikrit in present-day Iraq. Several Kurdish dynasties such as Annazids (990/1–1117) [6] [7] and Hasanwayhids (or Hasanuyids, 959–1015) [7] ruled in northern Iraq. The Kurdish [8] [7] [9] Marwanid dynasty (983–1096) temporarily ruled over Mosul. [10]
Kurdistan (Kurdish: کوردستان, romanized: Kurdistan, lit. ' land of the Kurds '; [ˌkʊɾdɪˈstɑːn] ⓘ), [5] or Greater Kurdistan, [6] [7] is a roughly defined geo-cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population [8] and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. [9]
Moreover, in March 1975, Iraq and Iran signed the Algiers Accord, according to which Iran cut supplies to Iraqi Kurds. Iraq started another wave of Arabization by moving Arabs to the oil fields in northern Iraq, particularly those around Kirkuk. [110] Between 1975 and 1978, 200,000 Kurds were deported to other parts of Iraq. [111]
The Kurdish language shall be, alongside the Arabic language, the official language in areas with a Kurdish majority; and will be the language of instruction in those areas and taught throughout Iraq as a second language. Kurds will participate fully in government, including senior and sensitive posts in the cabinet and army.
Recent history of the Kurds includes numerous genocides and rebellions, along with ongoing armed conflicts in Turkish, Iranian, Syrian, and Iraqi Kurdistan. Kurds in Iraq and Syria have autonomous regions, while Kurdish movements continue to pursue greater cultural rights, autonomy, and independence throughout Greater Kurdistan. [when defined as?].