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In mathematics, a polynomial decomposition expresses a polynomial f as the functional composition of polynomials g and h, where g and h have degree greater than 1; it is an algebraic functional decomposition. Algorithms are known for decomposing univariate polynomials in polynomial time.
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
For instance, in the above examples, the integer 3 can be partitioned into two parts as 2+1 only. Thus, there is only one monomial in B 3,2. However, the integer 6 can be partitioned into two parts as 5+1, 4+2, and 3+3. Thus, there are three monomials in B 6,2. Indeed, the subscripts of the variables in a monomial are the same as those given by ...
If F is a field and f and g are polynomials in F[x] with g ≠ 0, then there exist unique polynomials q and r in F[x] with = + and such that the degree of r is smaller than the degree of g (using the convention that the polynomial 0 has a negative degree).
First, construct f such that = +, in which F is a small polynomial (i.e. coefficients {-1,0, 1}). By constructing f this way, f is invertible mod p . In fact f − 1 = 1 ( mod p ) {\displaystyle \ {\textbf {f}}^{-1}=1{\pmod {p}}} , which means that Bob does not have to actually calculate the inverse and that Bob does not have to conduct the ...
The roots, stationary points, inflection point and concavity of a cubic polynomial x 3 − 6x 2 + 9x − 4 (solid black curve) and its first (dashed red) and second (dotted orange) derivatives. The critical points of a cubic function are its stationary points , that is the points where the slope of the function is zero. [ 2 ]
If p(x) is a univariate polynomial with real coefficients, let us denote by # + (p) the number of its positive real roots, counted with their multiplicity, [1] and by v(p) the number of sign variations in the sequence of its coefficients. Descartes's rule of signs asserts that v(p) – # + (p) is a nonnegative even integer.
For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2)(x + 2) is a polynomial factorization of x 2 – 4. Factorization is not usually considered meaningful within number systems possessing division , such as the real or complex numbers , since any x {\displaystyle x} can be trivially written as ( x y ) × ( 1 / y ) {\displaystyle ...