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Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which several uninucleate cells (cells with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinucleate cell, known as a syncytium.Cell fusion occurs during differentiation of myoblasts, osteoclasts and trophoblasts, during embryogenesis, and morphogenesis. [1]
Animal tissues are grouped into four basic types: connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial. [4] Collections of tissues joined in units to serve a common function compose organs. While most animals can generally be considered to contain the four tissue types, the manifestation of these tissues can differ depending on the type of organism.
Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. Combined with cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix , cell junctions help hold animal cells together. Cell junctions are also especially important in enabling communication between neighboring cells via specialized protein complexes called communicating (gap) junctions .
In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. [1] In the hierarchy of life, an organ lies between tissue and an organ system. Tissues are formed from same type cells to act together in a function. Tissues of different types combine to form an organ which has a specific ...
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape [1] that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, [2] produces the structural framework for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. [3] Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, a group of cells that are similar in structure, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. [1] It develops mostly from the mesenchyme , derived from the mesoderm , the middle embryonic germ layer . [ 2 ]
Collagen (/ ˈ k ɒ l ə dʒ ə n /) is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, [1] making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril [2] known as a collagen helix.
Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Other animals such as bilaterians produce a third layer (the mesoderm) between these two layers, making them triploblastic. Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis.