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2. Direct exchange geothermal heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_exchange_geothermal...

   DX system being drilled in the 1980s. A direct exchange (DX) geothermal heat pump is a type of ground source heat pump in which refrigerant circulates through copper tubing placed in the ground unlike other ground source heat pumps where refrigerant is restricted to the heat pump itself with a secondary loop in the ground filled with a mixture of water and anti-freeze.

3. Ground source heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump

   The direct exchange geothermal heat pump (DX) is the oldest type of geothermal heat pump technology where the refrigerant itself is passed through the ground loop. Developed during the 1980s, this approach faced issues with the refrigerant and oil management system, especially after the ban of CFC refrigerants in 1989 and DX systems now are ...

4. Geothermal heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_heating

   The earliest one was probably Robert C. Webber's home-made 2.2 kW direct-exchange system, but sources disagree as to the exact timeline of his invention. [22] J. Donald Kroeker designed the first commercial geothermal heat pump to heat the Commonwealth Building (Portland, Oregon) and demonstrated it in 1946.

5. Heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump

   External heat exchanger of an air-source heat pump for both heating and ... —or geothermal heat pumps ... role in reducing direct emissions in buildings by 30% and ...

6. Copper in heat exchangers - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_in_heat_exchangers

   Geothermal heat pump technology, variously known as "ground source," "earth-coupled," or "direct exchange," relies on circulating a refrigerant through buried copper tubing for heat exchange. These units, which are considerably more efficient than their air-source counterparts, rely on the constancy of ground temperatures below the frost zone ...

7. Ground-coupled heat exchanger - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger

   An alternative to the earth-to-air heat exchanger is the "water" to earth heat exchanger. This is typically similar to a geothermal heat pump tubing embedded horizontally in the soil (or could be a vertical sonde) to a similar depth of the earth-air heat exchanger. It uses approximately double the length of pipe of 35 mm diameter, e.g., around ...