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Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two of them is 120 degrees.
In isometric projection, the most commonly used form of axonometric projection in engineering drawing, [4] the direction of viewing is such that the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened, and there is a common angle of 120° between them. As the distortion caused by foreshortening is uniform, the proportionality between lengths is ...
Axonometric projection is further subdivided into three categories: isometric projection, dimetric projection, and trimetric projection, depending on the exact angle at which the view deviates from the orthogonal. [3] [4] A typical characteristic of orthographic pictorials is that one axis of space is usually displayed as vertical.
"Isometric" comes from the Greek for "same measure". One of the things that makes isometric drawings so attractive is the ease with which 60° angles can be constructed with only a compass and straightedge. Isometric projection is a type of axonometric projection. The other two types of axonometric projection are: Dimetric projection
Comparison of several types of graphical projection, including elevation and plan views. To render each such picture, a ray of sight (also called a projection line, projection ray or line of sight) towards the object is chosen, which determines on the object various points of interest (for instance, the points that are visible when looking at the object along the ray of sight); those points of ...
If the three foreshortenings are equal, the projection is called isometric. If all foreshortenings are different, the projection is called trimetric . The parameters in the diagram at right (e.g. of the house drawn on graph paper) are: α = 135 ∘ , β = 90 ∘ , v y = v z = 1 , v x = 1 / 2 . {\displaystyle \alpha =135^{\circ },\beta =90 ...
There are three main divisions of axonometric projection: isometric (equal measure), dimetric (symmetrical and unsymmetrical), and trimetric (single-view or only two sides). The most common of these drawing types in engineering drawing is isometric projection. This projection is tilted so that all three axes create equal angles at intervals of ...
To get a true view (length in the projection is equal to length in 3D space) of one of the lines: SU in this example, projection 3 is drawn with hinge line H 2,3 parallel to S 2 U 2. To get an end view of SU, projection 4 is drawn with hinge line H 3,4 perpendicular to S 3 U 3. The perpendicular distance d gives the shortest distance between PR ...