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For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other. For communication cables, this is called twisted pair. For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles, respectively.
Because of this analogy, the described measurement technique in this article is often called the transmission line method. [ 1 ] By using Kirchhoff's circuit laws the following expressions for the voltage as well as for the current within the above considered length element (read square in the figure in this section) are obtained for a steady ...
Every two-wire or balanced transmission line has an implicit (or in some cases explicit) third wire which is called the shield, sheath, common, earth, or ground. So every two-wire balanced transmission line has two modes which are nominally called the differential mode and common mode. The circuit shown in the bottom diagram only can model the ...
The need for transmission lines is most frequently found in microwave integrated circuits (MICs). There are a great many materials and techniques used to make MICs, and transmission lines can be formed in any of these technologies. Planar transmission lines are used for far more than merely connecting components or units together.
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
Gomory's theorem: Removing any two oppositely-colored squares of a chessboard leaves a region that can be tiled by dominoes. The two removed squares partition a Hamiltonian cycle through the squares into one (left) or two (right) paths through an even number of squares, allowing the modified chessboard to be tiled by dominoes laid along the paths.
Length measurement, distance measurement, or range measurement (ranging) all refer to the many ways in which length, distance, or range can be measured. The most commonly used approaches are the rulers, followed by transit-time methods and the interferometer methods based upon the speed of light .
For lines with two or more phases, the capacitance between any two lines can be calculated using : = / Where, D G M D {\displaystyle D_{GMD}} is the geometric mean distance of the conductors. The effect of self-capacitance, on a transmission line, is generally neglected because the conductors are not isolated and thus there exists no detectable ...