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Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s signature is affixed to the 1956 Lumbee Act. Federal recognition can be gained by an act of Congress; the Department of the Interior’s Office of ...
Though recognized in North Carolina as a tribe in 1885, the federal government stopped short in 1956 under the Lumbee Act. The law recognized the Lumbee as the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina but ...
The Lumbee Tribe applied in 1987, but was denied based on the Department's interpretation of the 1956 Lumbee Act. Interior reversed that decision in 2016, but the Lumbee have not applied, instead ...
Similar to the LRDA's original enrollment requirements, a person must demonstrate their direct descent from a person who was identified as Indian on several documents dating from around 1900, including censuses, tax lists, the petitioners for federal recognition in 1888, an Indian school enrollment list, and church records.
The Lumbee Tribe was denied the ability to apply for federal recognition in 1987, based on the interpretation of a 1956 congressional act that acknowledged the Lumbee but stopped short of granting them federal recognition.
Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States. University of Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 48. Sheffield, Gail (1998). Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2969-7.
The Lumbee Tribe has applied for federal recognition, but that petition was denied in 1985 because it “could not establish the group’s descendency either culturally, politically, or genealogically from any tribe which existed historically in the area.”
[a] The petition was denied in 1989 because of the Lumbee Act. [40] Senator Elizabeth Dole and Representative Mike McIntyre testifying at a congressional hearing on federal Lumbee recognition, 2003. The Lumbee resumed lobbying Congress, testifying in 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1993 in efforts to gain full federal recognition by congressional action. [57]