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When used as a countable noun, an algebra is a specific type of algebraic structure that involves a vector space equipped with a certain type of binary operation. [15] Depending on the context, "algebra" can also refer to other algebraic structures, like a Lie algebra or an associative algebra. [16] The word algebra comes from the Arabic term ...
[1] Elementary algebra, also known as high school algebra or college algebra, [2] encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic : arithmetic deals with specified numbers , [ 3 ] whilst algebra introduces variables (quantities without fixed values).
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
In mathematics, more specifically algebra, abstract algebra or modern algebra is the study of algebraic structures, which are sets with specific operations acting on their elements. [1] Algebraic structures include groups , rings , fields , modules , vector spaces , lattices , and algebras over a field .
The 6th problem concerns the axiomatization of physics, a goal that 20th-century developments seem to render both more remote and less important than in Hilbert's time. Also, the 4th problem concerns the foundations of geometry, in a manner that is now generally judged to be too vague to enable a definitive answer.
In free space, where ε = ε 0 and μ = μ 0 are constant everywhere, Maxwell's equations simplify considerably once the language of differential geometry and differential forms is used. The electric and magnetic fields are now jointly described by a 2-form F in a 4-dimensional spacetime manifold.
The paper was posted to the physics arXiv by Antony Garrett Lisi on November 6, 2007, and was not submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. [3] The title is a pun on the algebra used, the Lie algebra of the largest "simple", "exceptional" Lie group, E 8.
FORM was started in 1984 as a successor to Schoonschip, an algebra engine developed by M. Veltman. It was initially coded in FORTRAN 77, but rewritten in C before the release of version 1.0 in 1989. Version 2.0 was released in 1991. The version 3.0 of FORM has been publicized in 2000.