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When a toad is presented with a moving stimulus, it generally may react with one of two responses. Depending on the size and the configuration of the stimulus, it will either engage in orienting (prey-catching) behavior or avoidance (escape) behavior, which consists of "planting-down" defensive postures or a crouching avoidance response.
Both European toads (Bufo bufo) and natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita) toads rely on vision and olfaction when migrating to breeding sites, but magnetic fields may also play a role. When randomly displaced 150 metres (490 ft) from their breeding sites, these toads can navigate their way back, [ 46 ] but this ability can be disrupted by ...
Bufo bufo, the common toad, was used in Jörg-Peter Ewert's studies of toad form vision Neurons of the optic tectum are integrated in a neural macro-network in which various forebrain structures are involved; see Vision in toads. The prey-selective responses of tectal T5.2 neurons probably result from postsynaptic inhibitory input of pretectal ...
The Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius), also known as the Sonoran Desert toad, is a toad species found in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States.It is well known for its ability to exude toxins from glands within its skin that have psychoactive properties.
The tumor was in the occipital lobe, so I had extremely blurry vision and some blindness at first, but I was just so joyful to hear the good news. I knew there was still a possibility for it to be ...
The visual system is organized hierarchically, with anatomical areas that have specialized functions in visual processing. Low-level visual processing is concerned with determining different types of contrast among images projected onto the retina whereas high-level visual processing refers to the cognitive processes that integrate information from a variety of sources into the visual ...
Entertainment Weekly rates the best (and worst) of Leatherface on film. In October 1974, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre birthed Leatherface, arguably the granddaddy of all celluloid slashers, and ...
Song of Common toad or European toad, Bufo bufo. Common toad, female and male on her back. A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs).