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Fetal conditions can also cause a mediastinal shift during development. For example, pulmonary hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of a lung due to various etiologies. These include agenesis due to gene mutation, fetal hydrothorax, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. These conditions lead to incomplete development of lung tissue or hypoplasia.
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin: mediastinus, lit. 'midway'; [2] pl.: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is a region that contains vital organs and structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, the vagus, phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph ...
Right atrial appendage isomerism, also called right atrial isomerism, is a cardiac development defect in which the heart has bilateral right atria and atrial attachments in the muscle wall, as opposed to the normal right atrium and left atrium. In right atrial isomerism, the pulmonary blood oxygen tract is damaged due to right-left shunting of
The rhythmic electrical depolarization waves that trigger myocardial contraction is myogenic, which means that they begin in the heart muscle spontaneously and are then responsible for transmitting signals from cell to cell. Myocytes that were obtained in the primitive heart tube, start beating as they connect together by their walls in a ...
The Frank-Starling mechanism occurs as the result of the length-tension relationship observed in striated muscle, including for example skeletal muscles, arthropod muscle [4] and cardiac (heart) muscle. [5] [6] [7] As striated muscle is stretched, active tension is created by altering the overlap of thick and thin filaments. The greatest ...
Due to this, and the fact that the left ventricle in normal conditions contract with a relatively invariant outer contour, [8] [9] the longitudinal strain contains the main information, while transmural strain (wall thickening) is a function of wall shortening, wall thickness and chamber diameter, while circumferential shortening is mainly a ...
The authors of the current study note that muscle fat has been associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.. They suggest this may be because higher muscle fat may ...
The venous component forms a large part of the posterior wall of the heart and the anterior wall of the oblique pericardial sinus. [19] The appendage of the left atrium is a narrow, finger-like entity that contains small pectinate muscles. Its small orifice lies anterior of the left superior pulmonary vein and lateral to the mitral valve.