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Ochre (/ ˈ oʊ k ər / OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. [2] It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown.
Golden ochre is one of the oldest paints, known as a painting material since the times of cave paintings. In wall painting it is one of the main yellow pigments. Golden ochre has good density, the same covering power, high light fastness, pure color and soft structure. To this day it is used in all painting techniques without exception.
Since it was translucent, thin layers of red lac were built up or glazed over a more opaque, dark color to create a particularly deep and vivid color. Unlike vermilion or red ochre, made from minerals, red lake pigments are made by mixing organic dyes, made from insects or plants, with white chalk or alum.
It is made by heating raw sienna, which dehydrates the iron oxide, changing it partially to hematite, giving it rich reddish-brown color. [2] The pigment is also known as red earth, red ochre, and terra rossa. On the Color Index International, the pigment is known as PR-102. This version is from the Italian Ferrario 1919 color list.
[1] [2] Other earth pigments include the green earth pigments or terres vertes, blue earth pigments such as vivianite-based "blue ochre", white earth pigments such as chalk, and black earth pigments such as charcoal. [3] [4] Earth pigments are known for their fast drying time in oil painting, relative inexpensiveness, and lightfastness. Cave ...
The anhydrous pigment has a dark purple-red or maroon color, hydrates' colors vary from dull yellow (yellow ochre) to warm red. [1]The iron oxide red is extremely stable: it is not affected by light and most chemicals (soluble in hot concentrated acids); heat only affects the hydrated variants (the water is removed, and the color darkens).
Attic ochre or attic yellow ocher (Latin: Sil atticum) — the historically known variety of ochre, which had a bright lemon yellow color, was considered the best and most expensive type of ochre in Ancient Greece and Rome. Attic ochre was used mainly for high-quality finishing work or decoration of household items.
Ochre brown: RAL 8002: Signal brown: Extra camouflage colour (to RAL 7021) for vehicles of the Wehrmacht before 1940 RAL 8003: Clay brown: RAL 8004: Copper brown: RAL 8007: Fawn brown: U5 line of the Berlin U-Bahn: RAL 8008: Olive brown: RAL 8011: Nut brown: RAL 8012: Red brown: RAL 8014: Sepia brown: RAL 8015: Chestnut brown: RAL 8016 ...
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