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Indole test positive: appearance of pink layer at top (e.g. Escherichia coli) Like many biochemical tests on bacteria, results of an indole test are indicated by a change in color following a reaction with an added reagent. Pure bacterial culture must be grown in sterile tryptophan or peptone broth for 24–48 hours before performing the test.
Palliative chemotherapy is used to control (but not cure) the cancer in settings in which the cancer has spread beyond the breast and localized lymph nodes. See metastatic breast cancer. Combined therapies These combine, for example, non-drug treatments with localized chemotherapy to limit toxicity and achieve better results. [3]
A chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations. In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy. The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via ...
To test the broth for indole production, Kovac's reagent. Kovac's reagent consist of amyl alcohol and para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and concentrated hydrochloric acid . Kovac's reagent is actually used to determine ability of an organism to separate indole from amino acid tryptophan and it is added after incubation.
The indole produced yields a red complex with para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde under the given conditions. [1] This was invented by the Hungarian physician Nicholas Kovács and was published in 1928. This reagent is used in the confirmation of E. coli and many other pathogenic microorganisms.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
This is a list of major breast cancer cell lines that are primarily used in breast cancer research. [Notes 1] List of cell lines. Cell line Primary tumor
Invasive carcinoma NST accounts for half of all breast cancer diagnoses in women and is the most common type of invasive breast cancer. It is also the most commonly diagnosed form of male breast cancer. Invasive carcinoma NST is classified by its microscopic, molecular, and genetic features.