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  2. German idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_idealism

    As a philosophical position, idealism claims that the true objects of knowledge are "ideal," meaning mind-dependent, as opposed to material. The term stems from Plato's view that the "Ideas," the categories or concepts which our mind abstracts from our empirical experience of particular things, are more real than the particulars themselves, which depend on the Ideas rather than the Ideas ...

  3. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel

    Rather, following Kant in The Critique of Pure Reason, Hegel's usage harks back to the Greek eidos, Plato's concept of form that is fully existent and universal: [136] "Hegel's Idee (like Plato's idea) is the product of an attempt to fuse ontology, epistemology, evaluation, etc., into a single set of concepts."

  4. Jakob Friedrich Fries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Friedrich_Fries

    Hegel argued that Fries' methodology was not sufficiently scientific and that, therefore, his conclusions were illogical. Fries responded by accusing Hegel of defending the existing order and his own privileged position within it. He argued that "Hegel's metaphysical mushroom has grown not in the gardens of science but on the dunghill of ...

  5. Critique of the Kantian philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_the_Kantian...

    Kant called God, soul, and total world (cosmos) Ideas of Reason. In doing so, he appropriated Plato's word "Idea" and ambiguously changed its settled meaning. Plato's Ideas are models or standards from which copies are generated. The copies are visible objects of perception. Kant's Ideas of Reason are not accessible to knowledge of perception.

  6. Karl Ludwig Michelet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Michelet

    From 1832 to 1842 Michelet was engaged as one of the editors of Hegel's complete works, [2] and he sought to illustrate Hegel's system in three works: Geschichte der letzten Systeme der Philosophie in Deutschland von Kant bis Hegel (2 vols., Berlin, 1837–1838), Entwickelungsgeschichte der neuesten Deutschen Philosophie mit besonderer ...

  7. Richard Kroner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kroner

    Richard Kroner (8 March 1884 in Breslau – 2 November 1974 in Mammern) was a German neo-Hegelian philosopher, known for his Von Kant bis Hegel (1921/4), a classic history of German idealism written from the neo-Hegelian point of view. He was a Christian, from a Jewish background. He is known for his formulation of Hegel as 'the Protestant ...

  8. Elements of the Philosophy of Right - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy...

    Under this, Hegel proposes that humans reflect their own subjectivity of others in order to respect them. The third sphere, ethical life (Sittlichkeit), is Hegel's integration of individual subjective feelings and universal notions of right. Under ethical life, Hegel then launches into a lengthy discussion about family, civil society, and the ...

  9. Kant's antinomies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant's_antinomies

    Kant's antinomies are four: two "mathematical" and two "dynamical". They are connected with (1) the limitation of the universe in respect of space and time, (2) the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist), (3) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality, and (4) the existence of a necessary being.