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  2. Coal combustion products - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_combustion_products

    Class "F": The burning of harder, older anthracite and bituminous coal typically produces Class F fly ash. This fly ash is pozzolanic in nature, and contains less than 7% lime (CaO). Possessing pozzolanic properties, the glassy silica and alumina of Class F fly ash requires a cementing agent, such as Portland cement, quicklime, or hydrated lime ...

  3. Fly ash brick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ash_brick

    Fly ash bricks. Fly ash brick (FAB) is a building material, specifically masonry units, containing class C or class F fly ash and water. Compressed at 28 MPa (272 atm) and cured for 24 hours in a 66 °C steam bath, then toughened with an air entrainment agent, the bricks can last for more than 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

  4. Controlled low strength material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_low_strength...

    "Low lime" or Class F fly ash is well suited for use in high fly ash content mixes, but can also be used in low fly ash content mixes. "High lime" or Class C fly ash, because it is usually self-cementing, is almost always used only in low fly ash content flowable fill mixes. There is also a flowable fill product in which both Class F and Class ...

  5. Air entrainment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_entrainment

    Using fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, as an additive in concrete production, is a common practice due to its environmental and cost benefits. Still, residual carbon in fly ash can interfere with air-entraining admixtures (AEAs) [ 13 ] added to enhance air entrainment in concrete for improved workability and resistance against freezing ...

  6. Concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

    Fly ash: A by-product of coal-fired electric generating plants, it is used to partially replace Portland cement (by up to 60% by mass). The properties of fly ash depend on the type of coal burnt. In general, siliceous fly ash is pozzolanic, while calcareous fly ash has latent hydraulic properties. [61]

  7. Cenosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenosphere

    Fly ash sample containing ceramic cenospheres, magnified 40×. The process of burning coal in thermal power plants produces fly ash containing ceramic particles made largely of alumina and silica. They are produced at temperatures of 1,500 to 1,750 °C (2,730 to 3,180 °F) through complicated chemical and physical transformation.

  8. Bottom ash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_ash

    A coal-fired power plant with ash ponds. Bottom ash is part of the non-combustible residue of combustion in a power plant, boiler, furnace, or incinerator.In an industrial context, it has traditionally referred to coal combustion and comprises traces of combustibles embedded in forming clinkers and sticking to hot side walls of a coal-burning furnace during its operation.

  9. Class F - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_F

    Class F or F class may refer to: NZR F class, steam locomotives used in New Zealand; Class F, a stellar classification; Class F, a type of race car sometimes referred to as F-P as well, for F-Production; Class F, an airspace class defined by the ICAO; Class F, a designation for model aircraft defined by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale