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Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever.It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. [1] [2] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [3] [4] [5] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [1]
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic ; if symptoms appear, they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection.
Dengue fever is caused by infection through viruses of the family Flaviviridae. The illness is most commonly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions. [58] Dengue virus has four different serotypes, each of which are antigenically related but have limited cross-immunity to reinfection. [59]
The mosquito-borne virus has a long history in warm climates but is now also emerging in regions where it had been generally unheard of—such as in Europe and parts of the U.S.
Flavivirus, renamed Orthoflavivirus in 2023, [3] is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae.The genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis, [4] as well as insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) such as cell fusing agent virus (CFAV), Palm Creek ...
The characteristic symptoms of dengue are sudden-onset fever, headache (typically located behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash. The alternative name for dengue, "breakbone fever", comes from the associated muscle and joint pains. [7] [19] The course of infection is divided into three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery. [18]
The Swahili word dinga may possibly have its origin in the Spanish word dengue, meaning fastidious or careful, which would describe the gait of a person suffering the bone pain of dengue fever. [43] However, it is possible that the use of the Spanish word derived from the similar-sounding Swahili. [ 40 ]
While dengue fever is primarily considered a tropical and subtropical disease, the geographic ranges of the Aedes aegypti are expanding. The cases of dengue fever have increased dramatically since the 1970s and it continues to become more prevalent. [49] Dengue is ranked as the most important vector-borne viral disease in the world.