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Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine . [ 4 ]
The term "calcium-sparing diuretic" is sometimes used to identify agents that result in a relatively low rate of excretion of calcium. [5] The reduced concentration of calcium in the urine can lead to an increased rate of calcium in serum. The sparing effect on calcium can be beneficial in hypocalcemia, or unwanted in hypercalcemia. [citation ...
Thiazide diuretics also increase calcium reabsorption at the distal tubule. By lowering the sodium concentration in the tubule epithelial cells, thiazides indirectly increase the activity of the basolateral Na + /Ca 2+ antiporter to maintain intracellular Na + level, facilitating Ca 2+ to leave the epithelial cells into the renal interstitium.
Chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide are diuretics used to lower blood pressure. Learn more about the primary differences between these two medications.
At the same time, loop diuretics inhibit the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism so that increase in salts at the lumen near macula densa does not trigger a response that reduces the GFR. [6] Loop diuretics also inhibit magnesium and calcium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb. Absorption of magnesium and calcium are dependent upon the ...
increased salt intake also can increase body fluid volume as well as increasing urine sodium excretion, which further increases urinary calcium excretion. after rehydration, a loop diuretic such as furosemide can be given to permit continued large volume intravenous salt and water replacement while minimizing the risk of blood volume overload ...
Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), also referred to as calcium-alkali syndrome, is the third most common cause of elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). [2] [3] Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury.
Persons with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus must consume enough fluids to equal the amount of urine produced. Any underlying cause such as high blood calcium must be corrected to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The first line of treatment is hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. [10] Patients may also consider a low-salt and low-protein diet.