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The prevailing Italian presence in Tunisia, at both the popular and entrepreneurial level, was such that France set in motion with its experienced diplomacy and its sound entrepreneurial sense the process which led to the "Treaty of Bardo" and a few years later the Conventions of La Marsa, which rendered Tunisia a Protectorate of France in 1881.
Italians had a long history in Tunisia, tracing back to the 16th century. The Italian language was a lingua franca among merchants, due partially to the existing Italian-Jewish merchant community. Italy had close relations with the Bey of Tunis, receiving its own capitulation in 1868 , giving it most favored nation status. The international ...
The Italian colonial empire (Italian: Impero coloniale italiano), also known as the Italian Empire (Impero italiano) between 1936 and 1941, was founded in Africa in the 19th century. It comprised the colonies , protectorates , concessions and dependencies of the Kingdom of Italy .
De Vecchi's dream was an Imperial Italy that included not only all the European territories wanted by the Italian irredentists (Nice, Savoy, Ticino, Dalmatia, Corfu, Malta and Corsica) and populated by Italian communities for many centuries, but even the north African territories (Libya and Tunisia), where Italian emigrants had created ...
The Fourth Shore (in orange color in northern Libya), the southern part of Greater Italy, an Italian Fascist project to expand Italy's borders.. The Fourth Shore (Italian: Quarta Sponda) or Italian North Africa (Italian: Africa Settentrionale Italiana, ASI) was the name created by Benito Mussolini to refer to the Mediterranean shore of coastal colonial Italian Libya and, during World War II ...
10 galleys 6 galleys 19 galleys Kingdom of Portugal 1 galleon, 2 carracks, 20 round caravels, 8 galleys 8 galleys 1 carrack, 4 galleys 60 hulks: 82 warships [5] 2 galleys [6] Casualties and losses; Unknown: Many fell to dysentery [citation needed] 30,000 Muslim civilians massacred [7] 9,000 Christians freed
In 1882, Paul Cambon energetically took advantage of his position as Resident, leaving the Bey essentially powerless, and in effect administering Tunisia as another French colony. [5] The French established an important naval base at Bizerte in 1898. [6] Italy would respond with the 1911–12 Italo-Turkish War leading to the Italian occupation ...
France still had the issue of Italian influence (related to the huge colony of Tunisian Italians emigrated to Tunisia [361]) and thus decided to find an excuse for a pre-emptive strike. In the spring of 1881, the French army occupied Tunisia , claiming that Tunisian troops had crossed the border to Algeria , France's primary colony in Northern ...