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The prevailing Italian presence in Tunisia, at both the popular and entrepreneurial level, was such that France set in motion with its experienced diplomacy and its sound entrepreneurial sense the process which led to the "Treaty of Bardo" and a few years later the Conventions of La Marsa, which rendered Tunisia a Protectorate of France in 1881.
De Vecchi's dream was an Imperial Italy that included not only all the European territories wanted by the Italian irredentists (Nice, Savoy, Ticino, Dalmatia, Corfu, Malta and Corsica) and populated by Italian communities for many centuries, but even the north African territories (Libya and Tunisia), where Italian emigrants had created ...
The Italian colonial empire (Italian: Impero coloniale italiano), also known as the Italian Empire (Impero italiano) between 1936 and 1941, was founded in Africa in the 19th century. It comprised the colonies , protectorates , concessions and dependencies of the Kingdom of Italy .
In 1882, Paul Cambon energetically took advantage of his position as Resident, leaving the Bey essentially powerless, and in effect administering Tunisia as another French colony. [5] The French established an important naval base at Bizerte in 1898. [6] Italy would respond with the 1911–12 Italo-Turkish War leading to the Italian occupation ...
Craxi entered Tunisia regularly and, thanks to an Italian-Tunisian agreement signed in the 1960s, was recognised as a political refugee. Tunisia welcomed, protected and cared for Craxi. [15] While the protests against Craxi's PSI and corruption continued in Italy, in Tunisia according to his daughter he received the affection of the people. [16]
10 galleys 6 galleys 19 galleys Kingdom of Portugal 1 galleon, 2 carracks, 20 round caravels, 8 galleys 8 galleys 1 carrack, 4 galleys 60 hulks: 82 warships [5] 2 galleys [6] Casualties and losses; Unknown: Many fell to dysentery [citation needed] 30,000 Muslim civilians massacred [7] 9,000 Christians freed
Tunisia has two big deep water ports at Tunis and Bizerte, only a few hundred miles from Italian supply bases in Sicily. Ships could deliver supplies at night, safe from RAF patrols and return the next night, while Libya was a full-day trip, making supply operations vulnerable to daylight air attacks.
France still had the issue of Italian influence (related to the huge colony of Tunisian Italians emigrated to Tunisia [361]) and thus decided to find an excuse for a pre-emptive strike. In the spring of 1881, the French army occupied Tunisia , claiming that Tunisian troops had crossed the border to Algeria , France's primary colony in Northern ...