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There are many rivers and flooded areas, but most of the vegetation is terra firme forest, not subject to flooding. [1] The ecoregion is part of the Río Negro-Juruá Moist Forests, a global ecoregion, the other parts being the Negro–Branco, Solimões–Japurá and Caquetá moist forests. The reasonably intact global ecoregion has high annual ...
Freshwater swamp forests are a relatively understudied forest type in Southeast Asia, primarily because they are difficult to access and can harbor diseases spread by insects, such as mosquitoes. [35] In the Amazon Basin of Brazil, a seasonally flooded forest is known as a várzea, and refers to a whitewater-inundated forest.
It has two main areas: the Trombetas/Negro plateau and the lower western Amazon plateau. The higher area has hills with flat tops at 150 to 200 metres (490 to 660 ft) cut by valleys, while the lower area has altitudes of about 100 metres (330 ft). There are large areas of seasonally flooded land with poor drainage, and some permanent lakes. [4]
Half of the ecoregion is in use for agriculture. About 20% is forested, mostly in deciduous trees due to the seasonal flooding. Two types of forests are associated with the Tonle Sap floodplains: a stunted swamp forest around the lake (about 10% of the area), and a short tree shrubland for the larger outlying areas. [1]
Flooded grasslands and savannas is a terrestrial biome of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) biogeographical system, consisting of large expanses or complexes of flooded grasslands. These areas support numerous plants and animals adapted to the unique hydrologic regimes and soil conditions .
Vegetation includes flooded and terrra firme lowland moist forest, tall or medium-tall campinarana lowland forest, patches of shrubs and herbaceous savanna-like meadows. Forests are typical of the Guiana region, with a different mix of plants from the classical Amazon rainforest .
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The valley is rich in mineral resources and is known for large-scale mining and industrial activity. It was also known as the Sorrow of Bengal [2] because of the ravaging floods it caused in the plains of West Bengal. The construction of several dams on the Damodar and its tributaries has helped control some of the flooding.