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Secondary progressive MS occurs in around 65% of those with initial relapsing-remitting MS, who eventually have progressive neurologic decline between acute attacks without any definite periods of remission. [5] [23] Occasional relapses and minor remissions may appear. [23]
In March 2017, ocrelizumab was approved in the United States for the treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in adults. [22] [42] It is also used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease in adults. [42]
In 2011, mitoxantrone was the first medication approved for secondary progressive MS. [152] In this population, tentative evidence supports mitoxantrone moderately slowing the progression of the disease and decreasing rates of relapses over two years. [153] [154] New approved medications continue to emerge.
Historically, acute MS was a fatal disease, with death occurring within a year of onset, often secondary to extensive brainstem demyelination. Treatments include plasma exchange and/or high-dose glucocorticoids (e.g., 1 g/day of methylprednisolone for 3–5 days).
Insidious neurological progression suggestive of MS (primary progressive MS) New criteria: One year of disease progression (retrospectively or prospectively determined) and two or three of the following: 1. Evidence for DIS in the brain based on 1 or more T2 lesions in the MS-characteristic (periventricular, juxtacortical, or infratentorial ...
Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
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