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The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas , [ 1 ] as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas .
David S-K Ting is a Canadian academic, author and researcher. He is a professor of mechanical, automotive & materials engineering at the University of Windsor.He is the founder of the Turbulence & Energy Laboratory.
It is a site next to Petro Rabigh where downstream industries utilize Petro Rabigh products as feedstock to produce chemical compounds such as polyols, polymer stabilizers, xylenes and solvents. The Rabigh Plastic Technical Center (R-PTC), a facility run by Sumitomo Chemical, provides technical support and training in plastic processing technology.
Petroleum refining in the United Kingdom produced around 51.45 million tonnes of petroleum products in 2023, down 16% from 2015 and 32% from 2011. [1] There are six major and one minor petroleum refinery in the downstream sector of the UK oil industry.
Shell Deer Park Refinery 20 miles east of Houston, was the nation's eighth-largest oil refinery and one of the world's largest petrochemical producers. The facility was also the second-largest source of air pollution in Harris County , which ranked among the lowest in the nation in several measures of air quality. [ 28 ]
The downstream sector touches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category and considered to be a ...
Upstream regards exploration and extraction of crude oil, midstream encompasses transportation and storage of crude, and downstream concerns refining crude oil into various end products. Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical ...
The economy benefits from a growing trade surplus. Economic growth reached 12.6% in 2006 and 5.5% in 2007 as prices for oil, petrochemicals, and LNG remained high, and as foreign direct investment continued to grow to support expanded capacity in the energy sector. Trinidad and Tobago's infrastructure is adequate by regional standards.