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The concept of the research university first arose in early 19th-century Prussia in Germany, where Wilhelm von Humboldt championed his vision of Einheit von Lehre und Forschung (the unity of teaching and research), as a means of producing an education that focused on the main areas of knowledge, including the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, rather than on the previous goals ...
Research-intensive clusters (RICs) are regions with a high density of research-oriented organizations. These regions may be informally designated, or may be represented by a formal association. Member organizations are often universities, businesses, and non-profit research institutes. [1]
The labels for R1 and R2 were changed, with the words "research activity" replaced by "research spending and doctorate production". All institutions with more than $2.5 million in research expenditures that were not classified as R1 or R2 were placed in the new classification of "Research Colleges and Universities". [7]
Research and development intensity (R&D intensity) is generally defined as expenditures by a firm on its research and development divided by the firm's sales. [2] There are two types of R&D intensity: direct and indirect.
The framework further classifies these universities by their level of research activity as measured by research expenditures, number of research doctorates awarded, number of research-focused faculty, and other factors. [7] A detailed list of schools can be found in the list of research universities in the United States.
Artistic research, also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself. It is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and truth.
His research has identified patterns of dysregulation in exposure to or metabolism of metals that some evidence suggests could be associated with autism. Hair can offer a kind of timeline of what ...
The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive Scientific Discovery is a 2009 anthology of essays on the topic of data science.Editors Tony Hey, Kristin Michele Tolle, and Stewart Tansley claim in the book's description that it presents the first broad look at the way that increasing use of data is bringing a paradigm shift to the nature of science.