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Research institutions are a subset of doctoral degree-granting institutions and conduct research. These institutions "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2019-20 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures in FY20 were assigned to one of two categories based on a measure of research activity." [1]
Research-intensive clusters (RICs) are regions with a high density of research-oriented organizations. These regions may be informally designated, or may be represented by a formal association. These regions may be informally designated, or may be represented by a formal association.
Generally speaking, R&D is seen as a main driver of societal and business innovation. [citation needed] The OECD's Frascati Manual describes R&D as "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications."
The concept of the research university first arose in early 19th-century Prussia in Germany, where Wilhelm von Humboldt championed his vision of Einheit von Lehre und Forschung (the unity of teaching and research), as a means of producing an education that focused on the main areas of knowledge, including the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, rather than on the previous goals ...
Initially established as Pakistan Department of Research in 1951, PCSIR was reformulated in its current form in 1953. The PCSIR was established in Karachi by Prof. Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui in 1953 for the development of scientific and technical Research and Development and to provide infrastructure for industrial development in Pakistan. [1]
Urdu (/ ˈ ʊər d uː /; اُردُو, pronounced ⓘ, ALA-LC: Urdū) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia.It is the sole national language of Pakistan, the mother tongue of a small minority, but the preferred literary language of a numerically dominant population. [11]
Feroz-ul-Lughat Urdu Jamia (Urdu: فیروز الغات اردو جامع) is an Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary published by Ferozsons (Private) Limited. It was originally compiled by Maulvi Ferozeuddin in 1897. The dictionary contains about 100,000 ancient and popular words, compounds, derivatives, idioms, proverbs, and modern scientific, literary ...
Pakistan studies curriculum (Urdu: مطالعہ پاکستان Muṭāla-e-Pākistān) is the name [1] [2] of a curriculum of academic research and study that encompasses the culture, demographics, geography, history, International Relations and politics of Pakistan.