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Bituminous sands are a major source of unconventional oil, although only Canada has a large-scale commercial oil sands industry. In 2006, bitumen production in Canada averaged 1.25 Mbbl/d (200,000 m 3 /d) through 81 oil sands projects. 44% of Canadian oil production in 2007 was from oil sands. [47]
In 1962 (the same year the Great Canadian Oil Sands proposal went up for approval) Cities Service Athabasca Inc. proposed a 16,000 cubic metre per day plant at the site of its Mildred Lake pilot project. Including a pipeline to Edmonton, the plant was to cost $56 million, with construction beginning in 1965 and completion in 1968.
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Supply from the Alberta oil sands accounts for most of the growth and is expected to increase from 1.3 million b/d in 2016 to 3.7 million b/d in 2030. [54] Bitumen from the oil sands requires blending with a diluent in order to decrease its viscosity and
This would mean that Canadian oil sands production would grow from 1.2 million barrels per day (190,000 m 3 /d) in 2008 to 3.3 million barrels per day (520,000 m 3 /d) in 2020, and that total Canadian oil production would grow from 2.7 to 4.1 million barrels per day (430,000 to 650,000 m 3 /d) in 2020. [45]
Great Canadian Oil Sands originated in the early 1920s, when a group of policemen from New York acquired oil leases in Athabasca and formed the Alcan Oil Company. In 1923, the group sold the venture to Robert Cosmas Fitzsimmons (1881-1971). Fitzsimmons spent the next several years drilling on the leases he had acquired, but was unsuccessful.
In 2017, the company acquired the Canadian oil sands assets of Royal Dutch Shell, including a 70% working interest in the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, for $5.3 billion in cash plus 97,560,975 shares. The shares were sold in 2018. [18] [19] In August 2018, the company acquired the idled Joslyn oil sands project from Total S.A. and its partners. [20]
The ERCB estimates that by 2017 oil sands production will make up 88% of Alberta's predicted oil production of 3.4 million barrels per day (540,000 m 3 /d). [6] The fivefold increase in oil prices from 1998 to 2007 made Canadian oil sands production profitable.