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Placenta praevia or placenta previa is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. [1] Symptoms include vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. [1] The bleeding is bright red and tends not to be associated with pain. [1]
The term is derived from the Latin; vasa means "vessels" and praevia comes from pre meaning "before" and via meaning "way". In other words, vessels lie before the fetus in the birth canal and in the way. [1] Risk factors include low-lying placenta and in vitro fertilization. [2] Vasa praevia occurs in about 0.6 per 1,000 pregnancies. [2]
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a medical condition that occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the myometrium (the muscular layer of the uterine wall) during pregnancy. This condition was first documented in medical literature in 1927. [ 1 ]
The mum of the UK's largest family is currently 26 weeks pregnant with her 22nd child.
Velamentous cord insertion is a complication of pregnancy where the umbilical cord is inserted in the fetal membranes.It is a major cause of antepartum hemorrhage that leads to loss of fetal blood and associated with high perinatal mortality.
VUE can be of 2 types, low grade chronic villitis or high grade chronic villitis. Low grade chronic villitis involves less than 10 villi containing lymphocytes. Low grade chronic villitis can be either focal or multifocal. Focal has involved villi on only one glass slide, while multifocal has involved villi on at least two slides.
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Side lying may help slow the baby's descent down the birth canal, thereby giving the perineum more time to naturally stretch. To assume this position, the mother lies on her side with her knees bent. To push, a slight rolling movement is used such that the mother is propped up on one elbow is needed, while one leg is held up.