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Dutton, Paul V. Origins of the French welfare state: The struggle for social reform in France, 1914–1947. (Cambridge UP, 2002). online; Mattera, Paolo. "Changes and turning points in welfare history. A case study: a comparison of France and Italy in the 1940s." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 22.2 (2017): 232–253. Nord, Philip.
In addition there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system in the mid-to-late 1940s. The main concept is that a unique and central institution will pay for all medical costs and pensions so as to provide an equal level of coverage to the whole population. All incomes are taxed to fund this system.
The state scheme is financed by a payroll tax known as "social security contributions". The rate in 2013 is 15.15% (8.4% for the employer and 6.75% for the employee) of pay up to the social security contribution ceiling of €37,032, and 1.7% (1.6% for the employer and 0.1% for the employee) on the remainder of the salary. [ 7 ]
According to the DREES (The Department of Research, Studies, Evaluation and Statistics (DREES) is the ministerial statistical service for the health and social sectors), in 2021, the CSG will have cost taxpayers more than €129.4 billion and generated revenue for the State, an increase of 4.7% compared with 2020.
About half the U.S. state attorneys general traveled to France in a trip cosponsored by a group mostly funded by companies, including some under scrutiny of the top state lawyers.
The Certificat de formation à la sécurité (CFS) (in English Safety training certificate) is the French national degree required to be a flight attendant in France. It replaces the Certificat de Sécurité Sauvetage (CSS) [1] since the 16th of July 2008. [2] It consists of a theoretical and a practical part. [3]
Demand for wine has fallen so much that France is spending $215 million to distill excess wine into ethanol used in cleaning products Steve Mollman August 27, 2023 at 12:29 PM
But it does not specify the pages themselves. The XSL-FO document must be passed through an XSL-FO processor utility that generates the final paged media, much like HTML+CSS must pass through a web browser to be displayed in its formatted state. The complexity of XSL-FO is a problem, largely because implementing an FO processor is very difficult.