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Glutamatergic means "related to glutamate". A glutamatergic agent (or drug ) is a chemical that directly modulates the excitatory amino acid ( glutamate / aspartate ) system in the body or brain. Examples include excitatory amino acid receptor agonists , excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists , and excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitors .
An increase or decrease in the number of ionotropic glutamate receptors on a postsynaptic cell may lead to long-term potentiation or long-term depression of that cell, respectively. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Additionally, metabotropic glutamate receptors may modulate synaptic plasticity by regulating postsynaptic protein synthesis through second ...
Glutamate is a very major constituent of a wide variety of proteins; consequently it is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. [1] Glutamate is formally classified as a non-essential amino acid, because it can be synthesized (in sufficient quantities for health) from α-ketoglutaric acid, which is produced as part of the citric acid cycle by a series of reactions whose ...
NMDA receptors are glutamate-gated cation channels that allow for an increase of calcium permeability. Channel activation of NMDA receptors is a result of the binding of two co agonists, glycine and glutamate. Overactivation of NMDA receptors, causing excessive influx of Ca 2+ can lead to excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity is implied to be involved ...
This is due to the 4- to 5-fold increase in glutamate release in nucleus accumbens during the acute withdrawal state between binges, but only in dose 3 g/kg, in 2 g/kg— there is no increase in glutamate release. In contrast, during withdrawal from chronic alcoholism only a 2- to 3-fold increase in glutamate release occurs.
Some drugs block or stimulate the release of specific neurotransmitters. Alternatively, drugs can prevent neurotransmitter storage in synaptic vesicles by causing the synaptic vesicle membranes to leak. Drugs that prevent a neurotransmitter from binding to its receptor are called receptor antagonists. For example, drugs used to treat patients ...
NMDA receptor antagonists induce a state called dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia. [1] Ketamine is a favored anesthetic for emergency patients with unknown medical history and in the treatment of burn victims because it depresses breathing and circulation less than other anesthetics.
Some drugs can increase the clearance of lithium from the body, which can result in decreased lithium levels in the blood. These drugs include theophylline , caffeine , and acetazolamide . Additionally, increasing dietary sodium intake may also reduce lithium levels by prompting the kidneys to excrete more lithium.