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In 1559, the Italian wars between France and Spain ended with the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. These wars had nearly bankrupted both countries. [ 43 ] Additionally, the death of Henry II in July 1559 created a political vacuum and an internal struggle for power between rival factions, which the 15-year-old Francis II lacked the ability to control.
The First French War of Religion (2 April 1562 – 19 March 1563) was the opening civil war of the French Wars of Religion. The war began when in response to the massacre of Wassy by the duc de Guise (duke of Guise) , the prince de Condé seized Orléans on 2 April.
Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the leader of the Huguenots. The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day was the culmination of a series of events: The Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which put an end to the third War of Religion on 8 August 1570.
The Edict ended the first stage of the French Wars of Religion, inaugurating a period of official peace in France by guaranteeing the Huguenots religious privileges and freedoms. However, it was gradually undermined by continuing religious violence at a regional level and hostilities renewed in 1567.
Huguenot areas of France (marked purple and blue) The 1598 Edict of Nantes that ended the French Wars of Religion granted Protestants, commonly known as Huguenots, a large degree of autonomy and self-rule. La Rochelle was the centre of Huguenot seapower, and a key point of resistance against the Catholic royal government. [1]
The Edict of Nantes helped to end the Wars of Religion in France, which had been raging for decades. It also ensured that the Protestant minority in France would have a measure of religious and political freedom, and helped to establish France as a more tolerant and pluralistic society.
By the end of 1562 the rebel Protestant presence in much of France had been successfully neutralised. However, in Languedoc and Dauphiné they remained entrenched under Crussol's leadership. Meanwhile Admiral Coligny oversaw the resurgence of their cause in Normandie shortly before the end of the war.
began as a religious war; quickly became a French–Habsburg political clash 2,000,000 [47] 4,000,000 [47] French Wars of Religion: France: 1562: 1598: 36 years: Protestants (mainly Reformed) against Catholics: began as a religious war, and largely remained such 315,000 [citation needed] 868,000 (616,000 in Ireland) [48] War of the Three Kingdoms