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In 1559, the Italian wars between France and Spain ended with the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. These wars had nearly bankrupted both countries. [ 43 ] Additionally, the death of Henry II in July 1559 created a political vacuum and an internal struggle for power between rival factions, which the 15-year-old Francis II lacked the ability to control.
Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the leader of the Huguenots. The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day was the culmination of a series of events: The Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which put an end to the third War of Religion on 8 August 1570.
The Edict ended the first stage of the French Wars of Religion, inaugurating a period of official peace in France by guaranteeing the Huguenots religious privileges and freedoms. However, it was gradually undermined by continuing religious violence at a regional level and hostilities renewed in 1567.
By the end of 1562 the rebel Protestant presence in much of France had been successfully neutralised. However, in Languedoc and Dauphiné they remained entrenched under Crussol's leadership. Meanwhile Admiral Coligny oversaw the resurgence of their cause in Normandie shortly before the end of the war.
began as a religious war; quickly became a French–Habsburg political clash 2,000,000 [47] 4,000,000 [47] French Wars of Religion: France: 1562: 1598: 36 years: Protestants (mainly Reformed) against Catholics: began as a religious war, and largely remained such 315,000 [citation needed] 868,000 (616,000 in Ireland) [48] War of the Three Kingdoms
The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.
The War of the Three Henrys [1] (French: Guerre des trois Henri), also known as the Eighth War of Religion [1] (French: Huitième guerre de Religion), took place during 1585–1589, [1] and was the eighth conflict in the series of civil wars in France known as the French Wars of Religion. [1] [a] It was a three-way war fought between:
The 1787 edict was nonetheless a pivotal step in eliminating religious strife, and it officially ended religious persecution in France. [10] Moreover, when French revolutionary armies invaded other European countries between 1789 and 1815, they followed a consistent policy of emancipating persecuted or circumscribed religious communities (Roman ...