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Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. In bioethics, there are a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning.
Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine. [2]
Another method of cloning without the use of DNA digest and ligase is by DNA recombination, for example as used in the Gateway cloning system. [3] [4] The gene, once cloned into the cloning vector (called entry clone in this method), may be conveniently introduced into a variety of expression vectors by recombination. [5]
However, the cloning was done from early embryonic cells, while the sheep Dolly in 1996 was cloned from an adult cell. [82] Megan and Morag were sheep cloned from differentiated embryonic cells in 1995. Dolly (1996–2003), first cloned mammal from adult somatic cells. She had six lambs. [83]
Most other cells cannot divide indefinitely as after a few cycles of cell division the cells stop expressing an enzyme telomerase.The genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), continues to shorten with each cell division, and cells eventually stop dividing when they sense that their DNA is critically shortened.
Cloning animals requires procedures that can cause pain and distress, and there can be high failure and mortality rates.” Being able to produce genetically identical monkeys could be useful ...
For example, plant DNA can be joined to bacterial DNA, or human DNA can be joined with fungal DNA. In addition, DNA sequences that do not occur anywhere in nature can be created by the chemical synthesis of DNA and incorporated into recombinant DNA molecules. Using recombinant DNA technology and synthetic DNA, any DNA sequence can be created ...
Scripps News examines the science behind the technique and the ethical implications of this new chapter in humanity's relationship to animals. For $50,000, you could clone your pet. But should you?