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For sheet metal cutting, the focal length is usually 1.5–3 inches (38–76 mm). [7] [8] Advantages of laser cutting over mechanical cutting include easier work holding and reduced contamination of workpiece (since there is no cutting edge which can become contaminated by the material or contaminate the material). Precision may be better since ...
Examples of materials that cannot be cut with a water jet are tempered glass and diamonds. [45] Water jets are capable of cutting up to 6 in (150 mm) of metals and 18 in (460 mm) of most materials, [48] though in specialized coal mining applications, [49] water jets are capable of cutting up to 100 ft (30 m) using a 1 in (25 mm) nozzle. [50]
Shielded metal arc cutting cuts the metal by melting it with the intense heat of the arc, without burning it with oxygen, which works better for carbon steel plate less than 6mm thick and for non-ferrous and corrosion resistant metals of any thickness. [1]: Ch. 1 Underwater shielded metal arc cutting is a simple process.
A laser is used to melt metallic powder dropped on a substrate to be coated. The melted metal forms a pool on the substrate; moving the substrate allows the melt pool to solidify in a track of solid metal. Some processes involve moving the laser and powder nozzle assembly over a stationary substrate to produce solidified tracks.
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
Some blades cut through the material while others crush the material against a hard roll. Those are similar to knives. The cutting blades can be set to a desired width. Some machines have many blades and can produce a number of output rolls at once. The slit material is rewound on paper, plastic or metal cores on the exit side of the machine.
Laser cooling includes several techniques where atoms, molecules, and small mechanical systems are cooled with laser light. The directed energy of lasers is often associated with heating materials, e.g. laser cutting, so it can be counterintuitive that laser cooling often results in sample temperatures approaching absolute zero. It is a routine ...
Incremental improvements in laser process and control technologies have led to substantial increases in the number of cooling holes used in turbine engines. Fundamental to these improvements and increased use of laser drilled holes is an understanding of the relationship between process parameters and hole quality and drilling speed.
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