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Discharge efficiency Self-discharge rate Shelf life ... Cadmium: KOH Yes c. 1960 ... Low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride battery:
The maximum discharge rate for a Ni–Cd battery varies by size. For a common AA-size cell, the maximum discharge rate is approximately 1.8 amperes; for a D size battery the discharge rate can be as high as 3.5 amperes. [citation needed]
Manufacturers specify the capacity of a battery at a specified discharge rate. For example, a battery might be rated at 100 A·h when discharged at a rate that will fully discharge the battery in 20 hours (at 5 amperes for this example). If discharged at a faster rate the delivered capacity is less.
Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect, or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It describes the situation in which nickel-cadmium batteries gradually lose their maximum energy capacity if they are repeatedly recharged after ...
The Headway 38120HP cells are used in high-discharge environments as they have very good continuous/peak discharge rates (10C/25C). Because four cells in series produces a voltage range similar to 6 cells of lead-acids and their fire-resistant properties, they can be used to replace a 12 V lead-acid car battery. [235] 38140: 38140s 12,000 38: 140
The cut-off voltage is different from one battery to the other and it is highly dependent on the type of battery and the kind of service in which the battery is used. When testing the capacity of a NiMH or NiCd battery a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V per cell is normally used, whereas 0.9 V is normally used as the cut-off voltage of an alkaline cell ...
Because cadmium has low solubility in the alkaline electrolyte, these batteries have long storage life. [4] A 12 volt battery of this type was formerly used for residential smoke detectors. It was designed as a series stack of cells, where one cell had a reduced capacity resulting in a very distinct two-step voltage discharge characteristic.
The practical shelf life of a Ni-MH is roughly five years. Cylindrical jelly-roll Ni-MH cells, like the ones used in 1990s laptop battery packs, discharge at a rate of up to 2% per day, while button cells like the ones used in motherboard batteries discharge at a rate of less than 20% per month. [13]